Textbook of Dental Anatomy and Oral Physiology

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نام کتاب : Textbook of Dental Anatomy and Oral Physiology

تعداد صفحه : 268 صفحه

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1. Introduction 1

Manjunatha BS, Dharam Hinduja

 Functions of Teeth 2

 Aims of Dental Anatomy 2

 Objectives of Dental Anatomy 2

 Scope of Dental Anatomy 2

 Evolution of Teeth 3

 Definitions 3

 The Deciduous Dentition 3

 The Permanent Dentition 4

 Dental Formula 4

2. Definitions and Meaning of Terms Used in Dental Anatomy 5

Manjunatha BS, Dharam Hinduja

 Terms 5

 Parts of a Tooth 6

 Structures (Tissues) of a Tooth 7

 Surfaces of a Tooth 8

 Terms Used in the Description of Morphology of a Tooth 10

 Tooth Form and Function 20

 Division of Tooth in Different Directions 21

 Line and Point Angles of Different Teeth 22

3. Tooth Numbering Systems 24

Manjunatha BS

 Zsigmondy/Palmer System 24

 Universal System 26

 FDI/Two Digit System 27

4. Development of Occlusion 30

Manjunatha BS, Narayan Kulkarni, Rajashekhara BS

 Predentate Period 30

 Deciduous Dentition 33

 Mixed Dentition 38

 Permanent Dentition 47

5. Permanent Incisors 49

Manjunatha BS

 Functions of Incisors 49

 Maxillary Incisors 50

 Maxillary Central Incisor 50

 Maxillary Lateral Incisor 57

 Mandibular Incisors 62

 Mandibular Central Incisor 62

 Mandibular Lateral Incisor 66

xx  Textbook of Dental Anatomy and Oral Physiology

6. Permanent Cuspids 70

Manjunatha BS

 Functions of Canines 70

 Class Traits [General Characters] of Canines 71

 Maxillary Canines 72

 Chronology of Permanent Maxillary Canine 73

 Mandibular Cuspids 77

 Chronology of Permanent Mandibular Canine 78

7. Premolars 81

Manjunatha BS

 Functions of Premolars 81

 Class Traits [General Characters] of Premolars 81

 Maxillary First Premolar 82

 Chronology of Permanent Maxillary First Premolar 83

 Maxillary Second Premolar 87

 Chronology of Permanent Maxillary Second Premolar 87

 Permanent Mandibular Premolars 91

 Permanent Mandibular First Premolar 91

 Chronology of Mandibular First Premolar 92

 Mandibular Second Premolar 96

 Chronology of Mandibular Second Premolar 97

8. Permanent Molars 103

Manjunatha BS

 Functions of Molars 103

 Permanent Maxillary Molars 104

 Permanent Maxillary First Molar 105

 Chronology of Permanent Maxillary First Molar 106

 Permanent Maxillary Second Molar 113

 Chronology of Permanent Maxillary Second Molar 113

 The Permanent Mandibular Molars 116

 Permanent Mandibular First Molar 116

 Chronology of Permanent Mandibular First Molar 116

 Permanent Mandibular Second Molar 124

 Chronology of Permanent Mandibular Second Molar 124

9. Deciduous Dentition 128

Manjunatha BS, Rajashekhara BS, Mallikarjuna M Rachappa

 Maxillary Central Incisor 129

 Maxillary Lateral Incisor 130

 Maxillary Canine 131

 Maxillary First Molar 132

 Maxillary Second Molar 134

 Mandibular Central Incisor 135

 Mandibular Lateral Incisor 137

 Mandibular Canine 137

 Mandibular First Molar 138

 Mandibular Second Molar 140

 Differences Between Deciduous and Permanent Dentition 142

Contents  xxi

10. Occlusion 146

Manjunatha BS, Narayan Kulkarni, Ramesh Naykar

 Other Factors Associated with Occlusion 149

 Dynamic Occlusion 154

 Keys to Occlusion 155

 Factors Affecting the Occlusion 158

 Age Changes in Occlusion 159

 Balanced Occlusion 159

11. Vascularity and Innervation of Maxilla and Mandible 161

Nagarajappa Das

 Venous Drainage of Maxilla and Mandible 161

 Nerve Supply to the Maxilla and Maxillary Teeth 161

 Nerve Supply to the Mandible and Mandibular Teeth 165

12. Tooth Anatomy and Forensic Odontology 167

Ashith B Acharya

 Definition of Metric Dental Traits 167

 Definition of Non-metric Dental Traits 168

 Sex Identification from Tooth Size 173

 Race Identification from the Dentition 175

13. Carving Steps of Different Teeth 181

Gururaj B Patil

 Carving of a Rectangle from Wax Block 181

 Carving of a Cylinder from Wax Block 181

 Carving of a Basic Model 182

 Carving of Central Incisor 182

 Carving Steps in Canine 186

 Carving of Premolar 189

 Carving of Molars 192

 Carving of Mandibular Molar 195

14. Trait Features of Teeth 198

Manjunatha BS

15. Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism 204

Manjunatha BS

 Physiological Functions of Calcium 204

 Distribution in the Body 205

 Dietary Sources of Calcium 205

 Calcium Absorption 206

 Recommended Dietary Allowance 206

 Calcium Balance 207

 Calcium Homeostasis 207

 Parathyroid Hormone 208

 Calcitonin 210

 Vitamin D 211

 Effects of Other Hormones on Calcium Metabolism 212

 Applied Physiology 212

 Phosphate Metabolism 213

xxii  Textbook of Dental Anatomy and Oral Physiology

16. Functions of Teeth 216

Manjunatha BS

17. Pain 218

Nagarajappa Das, Manjunatha BS

 History 218

 Components of Pain 218

 Types of Pain 219

 Theories of Pain 220

 Distribution of Pain Receptors 222

 Pathway of Pain in Orofacial Region 222

 Dentinal Sensitivity and Pulpal Pain 222

 Control of Pain 225

18. Saliva 226

Manjunatha BS

 Composition of Saliva 226

 Saliva Components 227

 Properties of Saliva 228

 Factors Influencing Salivary Flow and Composition 229

 Functions of Saliva 230

 Lubrication and Protection 230

 Buffering Action 231

 Antimicrobial Activity 231

 Mechanical Cleansing Action 232

 Taste 232

 Digestion 232

 Bolus Formation for Swallowing 233

 Maintenance of Tooth Integrity 233

 Miscellaneous Functions 234

 The Diagnostic Applications of Saliva 234

 Disadvantages/Limitations of Saliva 237

Index